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It
has been discussed previously in Al-Albani
Unveiled, and by the admission of his own followers, that al-Albani
has declared the practice of 20 rak'ahs of taraweeh prayer
in the holy month of Ramadan to be a reprehensible innovation (bid'ah)!
What concerns us here is not the actual number of rak'ahs, but
the consideration that he has over reached himself by declaring a known
practice of the Sahaba (may Allah be pleased with them) to be a bid'ah!
To any sane, sincere and objective minded reader the implication of his
claim is clear, namely, he has declared the unanimous practise of the
Companions to be a bid'ah! Allah forbid.
We will
discuss, insha'Allah, what he actually said and prove to him and
his blind followers that they are the ones who deliberately overlook Sahih
Hadiths on this issue, as well as avoiding the practice and Consensus
of the venerable Companions, and our beloved Messenger, Muhammad (peace
and blessings be upon him) who initiated this practice and number. This
issue is no doubt a critical test for those who claim to be on the path
of the venerable Companions and their Succesors. May Allah be pleased
with them all.
Evidence
for 20 rak'ahs of Taraweeh from authentic ahadith
In the following
synopsis we will provide the most authentic evidence to support the claims
of the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali and Zahiri[1]
schools of Islamic jurisprudence, and most importantly that the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and in the unanimous view and
practice of the Sahaba (may Allah be pleased with them all) the rak'ahs
of taraweeh are twenty.
The narration's
that will be presented have the stamp of authentication by at least ten
distinguished scholars. Al-Imam al-Hafiz Jamaluddin al-Zayla'i[2]
has recorded in his book Nasb ur-Rayah[3] that:
"Al-Bayhaqi
has related in al-Marifa [4]
(via the
following chain of transmission):
Abu Tahir
al-Faqih -> Abu Uthman al-Basri -> Abu Ahmad Muhammad ibn Abdal Wahhab
-> Khalid ibn Mukhallad -> Muhammad ibn Ja'far -> Yazid ibn Khaseefah
-> Sa'eeb ibn Yazid,
who said:
'In the time of Umar ibn al-Khattab (radiallahu anhu) the people used
to observe 20 rak'ahs and the witr.'
Al-Nawawi
said in al-Khulasa:
'Its
Isnad is Sahih.'"
Hafiz al-Zayla'i
has also mentioned after reporting the authenticity of this Hadith, that
Imam al-Bayhaqi has also reported another version of the above narration
through a different channel of transmission, in his Sunan al-Kubra.
The narration referred to has been mentioned in the footnotes by the council
of Islamic scholars (Majlis al-Ulama) who edited Nasb ur-Rayah[5],
in the following words:
"(Bayhaqi)
has related in al-Sunan [6] (via the following
isnad):
Abu
Abdullah al-Hussain ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hussain finjuwayh al-Dinawari
- Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Sunni - Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn
Abdul Aziz al-Baghawi - Ali ibn al-J'ad - Ibn Abi Dhib - Yazid ibn Khaseefah
- Sa'eeb ibn Yazid,
who said:
"In
the time of Umar ibn al-Khattab, radiallahu anhu, they would perform
20 rak'ats in the month of Ramadan. He said (also): And they would recite
the Mi'in [7] , and they would lean on
their sticks in the time of Uthman ibn Affan, radiallahu anhu, from
the discomfort of standing."
All
the men in the (above) isnad are trustworthy, as mentioned by
the Indian research scholar, Shaykh al-Nimawi[8],
in Athar al-Sunan[9]."
The evidence
which proves that Umar (radiallahu anhu) ordered the practise of 20 rak'ahs
has been recorded by Shaykh Ali al-Muttaqi al-Hindi[10]
in the largest collection of Hadith available today: Kanz al-Ummal
fi Sunan al-aqwal wal Af'al[11], as follows from
Ubayy ibn Ka'b (radiallahu anhu):
"Umar
(radiallahu anhu) ordered him (Ubayy) to lead the people in prayer at
night in Ramadan, because the people fast during the day and can not recite
(the Qur'an) well, therefore it is better that you should recite (the
Qur'an) during the night. I (Ubayy) asked: "O commander of the believers,
this thing was not done before." He said: "I know, but it is a good practise",
and so (Ubayy) led (the Companion's) for 20 rak'ahs."
There are
many other narration's which prove the case for twenty rak'ahs,
but some of these narrations are less authentic than others, nevertheless
they are weighty enough to back each other up and raise the level of authentication
to at least Hasan (good); as Shaykh Nimawi and others have verified.
For the
readers benefit one may refer to the following books of Hadith for at
least 25 further proofs:
- Muwatta
Imam Malik from Yazid ibn Ruman [12]
- Sunan
al-Kubra of Imam al-Bayhaqi [13] from: Ibn
Abbas, Yazid ibn Ruman (same as Imam Malik's narration), Suwayd ibn
Ghaflah, Ali ibn Abi Talib etc. Also refer to Marifatus Sunan
of al-Bayhaqi.
- Musannaf
of Imam Abdur Razzaq [14] from: Sa'eeb ibn Yazid and
al-Hasan.
- Musannaf
of Imam Ibn Abi Shaibah [15] from some 13 different
isnads.
- Qiyam
ul-lail[16] of Imam Muhammad ibn Nasr al-Marwazi
from: Sa'eeb ibn Yazid, Yazid ibn Ruman, Ibn Mas'ud, A'mash al-Kufi,
Ibn Sirin, Malik, al-Shafi'i and others.
A selection
of the scholars of Hadith who authenticated and used al-Bayhaqi's narrations
as a proof for 20 rak'ahs of Taraweeh
- Imam
Yahya al-Nawawi (d. 676 AH)
He has
authenticated the narration recorded and mentioned above from al-Bayhaqi's
Marifatus-Sunan, in his book al-Khulasa - this was mentioned
by Hafiz al-Zayla'i in Nasb ur-Rayah (see above). Besides this
narration, he has also recorded the alternative narration recorded
by Imam al-Bayhaqi in his Sunan al-Kubra.
He has
declared this variant narration to be a decisive argument and proof
for the Shafi'i Madhhab, as well as saying: "Its Isnad is Sahih",
in his voluminous work: al-Majmu' Sharh al-Muhadhhab [17].
- Imam
Jamaluddin Yusuf al-Zayla'i (d. 762 AH)
We have
mentioned above that Hafiz al-Zayla'i in his analysis of the narration's
found in the Hanafi fiqh book: al-Hidaya, has recalled the
narration from al-Bayhaqi's Marifatus-Sunan, and quoted Imam
al-Nawawi as his authority to declare this narration to be Sahih.
- Imam
Badruddin al-Ayni (d. 855 AH)
He said
in his famous commentary to Sahih al-Bukhari: Umdat ul-Qari[18]
:
"The
argument of our companions (the Hanafi scholars) as well as the Shafi'is
and Hanbalis is what al-Bayhaqi has related with an authentic chain
of transmission (Sahih Isnad)..."
- Imam
Ali al-Qari (d. 1014 AH)
He has
noted in Sharhul-Nuqayah[19] :
"Imam
al-Bayhaqi has reported on genuine authority (Sahih) the performing
of 20 rak'ahs of Taraweeh during the periods of Umar, Uthman
and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them), and hence there has been
consensus on it."
- Imam
Kamaluddin ibn al-Humam (d. 861 AH)
Imam
Ibn al-Humam asserts that it has been established from genuine authority
(sahih) that the Companions and their Successors used to say 20 rak'ahs
of Taraweeh during the auspicious time of Umar (radiallahu anhu);
this authority of Yazid ibn Ruman (as in Imam Malik's narration) has
been reported from Sa'eeb ibn Yazid that, "During Umar's auspicious
time we used to say 20 rak'ahs." The genuineness of this authority
has been verified by Imam Nawawi in the synopsis [20].
- Imam
Taqi al-Din as-Subki (d. 756 AH)
- Zayn
al-Din al-Iraqi (d. 806 AH) and
- Jalaluddin
as-Suyuti (d. 911 AH)
According
to Imam Abdal Hayy Lucknawi[21] in his work Tuhfatul
Akhyar[22], Imam Nawawi, Iraqi and Suyuti[23]
have all considered Bayhaqi's narration as reported in his Sunan
al-Kubra to be Sahih.
Shaykh
Habibur Rahman al-A'zami has also affirmed that Nawawi, Iraqi and
Suyuti have declared Imam al-Bayhaqi's narration to be Sahih. He has
also reported that Imam al-Subki [24] and Mullah
Ali al-Qari have both declared the alternative narration recorded
by Bayhaqi in his Marifatus Sunan to be Sahih[25].
- Imam
Muhammad Shauq Nimawi (d. 1322 AH)
We have
mentioned previously that Shaykh Nimawi has declared Imam al-Bayhaqi's
narration to be Sahih in Athar al-Sunan [26].
- Imam
Ibrahim al-Halabi (d. 956 AH)
He has
noted in al-Kabiri[27] :
"The
argument of the majority of people is the report which Imam al-Bayhaqi
has reported with sound authority (Sahih), that during Umar as well
as Uthman and Ali's (may Allah be pleased with them), 20 rak'ahs
was performed."
Other contemporary
scholars
Other prominent
scholars who have used Imam al-Bayhaqi's narrations, besides other proofs
include: Shaykh Habibur Rahman al-A'zami (see above), Shaykh Isma'il Ansari
(see later), Shaykh al-Muqri in Tahqeeq al-Taraweeh, Shaykh Zafar
Ahmad Uthmani in his monumental I'la as-Sunan[28],
Shaykh Abdur Rahim Lajpuri in Fatawa al-Rahimiyya[29],
Shaykh Ahmad Khan in Ja'al Haqq[30], Shaykh Taqi
al-Uthmani in Dars-e-Tirmidhi[31] and many others.
A writer
once claimed that Imam al-Bukhari held the view that the rak'ahs
of Taraweeh were eight, excluding the witr. What is surprising
to note is that despite his bold ascription of this view to Imam al-Bukhari,
he did not furnish one shed of proof or reference to the works of Imam
al-Bukhari to verify his claim.
On the contrary,
the commentators of Sahih al-Bukhari, like Hafiz Ibn Hajar and Hafiz al-Ayni
have not ascribed any view for 8 rak'ahs to Imam al-Bukhari to
our knowledge. What is unsurprising to note is that the two aforementioned
scholars of Hadith have mentioned the proofs in favour of 20 rak'ahs.
One may raise the catechism - if Imam al-Bukhari had held the view ascribed
to him, would there be no doubt that his great student, Imam Abu Isa al-Tirmidhi[32],
would not have failed to mention this?
For we know
that Imam al-Tirmidhi only knew of either 20 or 41 rak'ahs [33]
in his time.
He has recorded
in al-Jami us-Sahih, that Umar[34], Ali (may
Allah be pleased with them) and other Companions of the Prophet (peace
be upon him) used to perform 20 rak'ahs of Taraweeh, as well as
saying that Sufyan al-Thauri (d. 161 AH), Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak (d.
181 AH) and al-Shafi'i (d. 204 AH) held the same view. He has also quoted
Imam al-Shafi'i as saying that he saw the people of Makkah performing
20 rak'ahs of Taraweeh.
The only
proof to suggest that the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
performed 20 rak'ahs has been reported on the authority of Abdullah
ibn Abbas (radiallahu anhu):
"Verily,
the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) in the month of Ramadan, used to
perform 20 rak'ahs and the witr (afterwards) without congregation."[35]
This narration
has been shown to have a weak (da'eef) isnad by the verifying
scholars like al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani [36], Hafiz
al-Zayla'i and others, due to the presence of the narrator: Abu Shaiba[37]
Ibrahim ibn Uthman. He was the grandfather of the Imam of Hadith: Abu
Bakr ibn Abi Shaiba, as well as being a Qadi; but as for his status as
a reporter of Hadith, he has been declared to be discarded (matrook)
by Hafiz Ibn Hajar in Taqreeb ul-Tahdhhib[38]
and al-Bayhaqi has declared him to be weak in al-Sunan al-Kubra[39].
One may
wish to note that al-Albani has gone to the added length of declaring
Ibn Abbas' narration to be Maudu (fabricated) [40],
whereas no previous scholars of Hadith have gone beyond declaring its
isnad to be da'eef (weak). This is nothing strange, for
al-Albani usually goes to the added lengths and extremities of declaring
narrations which do not suit his whims and desires to be either da'eef
or maudu.
An interesting
study prepared and published on this issue by a Shaykh who is said to
have memorized the six most authentic collections of Hadith, is available
to verify this assertion.
Let us now
see what a number of Imams of sacred law have said about the aforementioned
narration from Ibn Abbas (radiallahu anhu).
- Imam
Ahmad al-Tahtawi[41] has said in Sharh Durr al-Mukhtar[42]
:
"On
the authority of Ibn Abbas' statement, 20 rak'ahs of Taraweeh
has been estblished from the Holy Prophet's (peace be upon him) practice."
- Shaykh
Abdal Haqq al-Dehlawi[43] has been quoted by the author
of Fatawa Rahimiyya [44] as follows: "Shaykh
Abdul Haqq Muhaddith of Delhi writes in his book, Fath-e-Sirr-ul-Mannan:
'The obvious thing is that, according to the holy Companions, the
Holy Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying 20 rak'ahs had been
established, as is mentioned in Ibn Abbas' tradition, and for this
reason Umar (radiallahu anhu) adopted 20 rak'ahs . . .'
He also
quoted Shaykh Abdal Haqq as saying from his book: Ma sabata minas
Sunnah[45],
'According to our belief, the taraweeh consists of 20 rak'ahs,
for Bayhaqi has reported with sound authority that the holy Companions
(may Allah be pleased with them) used to perform 20 rak'ahs
during Umar's time; moreover, this practice continued during Uthman
and Ali's (may Allah be pleased with them) periods also.'"
- Shaykh
Abdur Rahim continued to say in his Fatawa:
"The
fact is that Hadrat Ibn Abbas and Hadrat Umar are both Companions;
there is no 'weak' narrator between them, wherefore Ibn Abbas' tradition
may be called weak and the Companion's action may be considered to
be based on a weak tradition. Their action was based on a sound basis;
how can those who follow them be called 'the deluded'? In short, according
to the Companion's reckoning, the afore said hadith is not at all
weak, though, due to the inclusion later of a weak narrator. Ibrahim
ibn Uthman may be according to the latter-day authorities called weak
'by way of narration', but 'intelligibly' it must be authentic because
the well-guided Caliphs and other Companion's conformity to and continuance
of 20 rak'ahs is the proof of its being reliable.
Allamah
Bahrul-Ulum[46] says:
'The Companions continued conformity to 20 rak'ahs is the
context and sign of the soundness of this tradition.'"
In support
of what we have mentioned, let us quote to you what a leader of Salafiyyism
has mentioned in his book: Criticism of Hadith among Muslims with reference
to Sunan Ibn Maja[47] :
"Shafi'i
also recognizes a weak Hadith as authentic (sahih) if it is found to be
accepted by the whole ummah (see al-Sakhawi: Fath al-Mugith). But
he does not accept Malik's view of restricting the practise to the people
of Madinah. According to the later scholars of the Hanafi school like
Ibn al-Humam, a Hadith will be declared Sahih, if it is supported by the
practise of the Ummah (see Abdal Rashid Nu'mani: Ma tamusu ilaihe al-Haja,
p. 18). Among traditionalists, Tirmidhi often remarks, after quoting a
less authentic Hadith:
'It is being practised by the people of learning (Ahl-ul-Ilm).'
Suyuti deduces: 'It indicates that the Hadith is supported by the sayings
of the people of learning. More than one scholar has said that a Hadith
is declared Sahih if supported by the sayings of the people of learning,
even if it lacks a proper Isnad (see Suyuti: al-Ta'aqubat, folio
20).'"
In closing
this section, consider what Imam Abu Hanifah (rahimahullah) said to his
student Imam Abu Yusuf (rahiamhullah). Shaykh Anwar Shah Kashmiri stated
in Fayd ul-Bari Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari:
"Imam
Abu Yusuf (rahimahullah) asked Imam Abu Hanifah (rahimahullah), 'Did Hadrat
Umar (radiallahu anhu) have any compact from the Holy Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allah be upon him) for 20 rak'ahs of Taraweeh?' The
Imam replied, 'Hadrat Umar (radiallahu anhu) was not one to invent on
his own; certainly he had some proof for this!'" [48]
Ijma us-Sahabah
on the rak'ahs of Taraweeh being Twenty
A number
of Imams of sacred law have inferred from the evidences available, that
there is a definite consensus of the Companions (Ijma us-Sahabah)[49]
on this issue. For the readers benefit we will provide some quotes below
(including one from a "Salafi" writer).
- Imam
Ali ul-Qari al-Hanafi (d. 1014 AH)
He said
in Sharh ul-Nuqayah[50]:
"Imam
Bayhaqi has reported on genuine authority (sahih) about the
performance of 20 rak'ahs of Taraweeh during the periods of
Umar, Uthman and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them), and hence there
has been consensus (Ijma) on it."
- Shaykh
ul-Islam Ibn Hajar al-Haytami (d. 974 AH)
Allamah
Abdal Hayy Lucknawi has reported in Tuhfat ul-Akhyar[51]
and in his Majmu' Fatawa[52], the fact that
Hafiz Ibn Hajar al-Haytami has declared Ijma us-Sahabah on
the rak'ahs of Taraweeh being twenty.
- Imam Muwaffaq
al-Din Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi (d. 620)
The
leading Imam of the Hanbalis in his time has declared in his famous
book of fiqh: al-Mughni[53] :
"There
has been the Companion's consensus (Ijma us-Sahabah) on 20
rak'ahs of Taraweeh."
- Shaykh
Bahrul-Ulum Abdul Ali ibn Nizamuddin (d. 1235)
He said
in Rasa'il ul-Arkan[54]:
"Then
there was unanimity regarding the 20 rak'ahs."
- Shah Abdul
Aziz Dehlawi[55] (d. 1824 CE)
He has
declared in his Majmu' Fatawa Azizi [56]
:
"Thereafter,
they (the Companions) adopted twenty (rak'ahs of Taraweeh)
and three rak'ahs (of witr), on which number consensus
had been formed."
- Shaykh
Qutubuddin Khan (d. 1289 AH)
- He has
stated in his commentary to the Hadith collection known as Mishkat
ul-Masabih: Madhahir ul-Haqq [57] :
"But
the Companions consensus was formed on this that the Taraweeh consists
of 20 Rak'ahs."
- Imam
Kamaluddin ibn al-Humam (d. 861 AH)
He has
said in Fathul-Qadir[58] :
"At
last unanimity was formed on 20 rak'ahs of prayer and this
alone is in succession."
- Imam
Malik ibn Anas (d. 179 AH)
It was
written in the most authentic record of Imam Malik's most accurate
sayings[59], known as al-Mudawwanah al-Kubrah:
"Ibn
al-Qasim said, 'The rak'ahs (of taraweeh) with witr
are thirty nine.' Imam Malik said, 'This is what the people have agreed
upon from amongst the predecessors, and the people have not stopped
doing it.'" [60]
- Shaykh
Shabir Ahmad al-Uthmani (d. 1369 AH)
Shaykh
Abdur Rahim said in his Fatawa[61] :
"Allamah
Shabir Ahmad Uthmani says that none of the Companions ever took exception
to 20 rak'ahs, and hence all of them were unanimous on twenty
rak'ahs."[62]
-
Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan Bhopali (d. 1307 AH)
He was one of the leading personalities of the "Salafi" movement in
India. It has been recorded by him in his Awnu'l Bari[63]
:
"The
practice of 20 rak'ahs established during Hadrat Umar's time
has been considered by the Ulama as consensus."
All praise be to Allah, the synopsis of the proofs, their authenticity
and the resulting of Ijma us-Sahabah, has been demonstrated
by way of recoursing to some of the most reputable scholars of the
various Madhhabs of this blessed Ummah.
I (Ahmed ibn Muhammad) asked my teacher, the faqih, Shaykh Muhammad
Asaddar Ali (b. 1911), may Allah preserve him: "What do you say
about those people who claim to be the followers of the pious predecessors
(Salaf us-Salihin), but insist on praying 8 rak'ahs
of Taraweeh year in year out?" He replied:
"I
take it you are referring to those people who go around with the
title 'Salafi' over their heads. I will say a few things about these
pseudo-Salafites. They are violators of the Companions (may Allah
be pleased with them) consensus on this and other issues - just
as their master Ibn Taymiyya was; and the scholars of the past have
declared the violators of the Ijma us-Sahabah to be either
corrupt innovators or even unbelievers - depending on the nature
of the question. The Muhaddith, Shaykh Abdal Hayy Lucknawi (rahimahullah)
has declared in his Taliqatul-Hidaya[64]
: 'One who performs 8 rak'ahs of Taraweeh will be an abandoner
of the insisted sunnah.' So, if you come across a man
who has been shown the proofs and what the vast majority of scholars,
including the Imams like Abu Hanifah, Malik, Shafi'i and Ahmad ibn
Hanbal have said; but still persists on avoiding the Companions
unanimity on 20 rak'ahs of Taraweeh, and prefers 8 rak'ahs
- then know that he is not a Salafi, rather a follower of his desires
and avoider of the Companion's (may Allah be pleased with them)
unanimous practice. And Allah knows best."
O believers, have we not heard that Allah has said:
"O
you who believe, Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, And those charged
with authority among you. If you differ in anything among yourselves,
refer it to Allah and His Messenger, if ye do believe in Allah and
the Last Day: That is best, and most suitable for final determination"
[65]
O believers, have we not heard that Allah's Messenger (peace and blessings
of Allah be upon him) has said on two occasions:
"Hold
fast to my Sunnah and the Sunnah of the Rightly Guided Caliphs[66],
clamp your molars upon it, avoid new novelties, for every novelty
is an innovation, and every innovation is misguidance." [67]
"Allah
will never let my Ummah agree upon misguidance, and the hand of
Allah is over the group (Jama'ah), so follow the great mass
of believers (Sawad ul-'Azam), and whoever dissents from
them departs to hell." [68]
We will finish this section by mentioning the titles of two books
written on this issue. The first is a book written by a Qadi at the
Shariah court in Medinah al-Munawwara, as well as being a lecturer
in the Holy Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) mosque - Shaykh
Atiyya Muhammad Salim, and the second is by - Shaykh Isma'il ibn Muhammad
al-Ansari. As the title below suggests, al-Ansari's book is a refutation
of al-Albani's research and views on this issue.
- Al-Taraweeh
- Akthar min alf Aam fi Masjid al-Nabi alaihis-salatu wa sallam[69].
- Tashih
Hadith Salatul- Taraweeh Ishrin Rak'ah wa'l Radd ala
al-Albani fi Tadaeefah[70].
Finally,
the reader may be interested to know that even today, just as in the
time of the Salaf us-Salihin (may Allah be well pleased with them),
20 rak'ahs of taraweeh is still being adhered to in
Makkah and Madinah.
May Allah keep us on the practice of the Companions and guide those
who deliberately avoid so and claim to be on the path of the righteous
Salaf. Amin.
Notes
-
The view that Imam's Abu Hanifah, Malik, Shafi'i, Ibn Hanbal and Dawud
al-Zahiri all preferred 20 rak'ahs of taraweeh excluding
the witr has been mentioned by Qadi Ibn Rushd in Bidayat al-Mujtahid
(1/239).
- He
was a famous Hanafi Hafiz of Hadith, as well as being one of the teachers
of Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani. He died in the year 762 AH, rahimahullah.
- 2/154,
Majlis al-Ulama, India, 4 vols. 1357 AH.
- The
full title is al-Marifatus-Sunan wa'l athar.
- 2/154,
footnote 2.
- 2/496.
- A
group of medium sized chapters from the Qur'an.
- His
full name was Muhammad Shauq al-Nimawi; (d. 1322 AH - rahimahullah).
- 2/54.
- He
died in the year 975 AH, rahimahullah.
- 4/284,
no. 5787 (8 vols. 1st edn; Hyderabad, India, 1312-14 AH), reported by
him on the authority of the Muhaddith, Ibn Man'i.
- This
report is very similar to Bayhaqi's narration (see Muwatta, 6.2,
no. 5, p. 48, English edn.).
- 2/496-7.
- 4/260-3,
no's. 7730-1 & 7733.
- 2/392-4.
Printed in Hyderabad, India, 1387/1967.
- PP.
91-2, India, 1320 AH.
- 4/32-3,
printed with Imam al-Rafi'i's (d. 623 AH) Fath al-Aziz and Hafiz
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani's Talkhis ul-habir in the footnotes; Idara
al-Tibat al-Muniriyyah, Egypt.
- 7/178,
Idara al-Tibat al-Muniriyyah, Egypt.
- 1/104.
- Quoted
in Fatawa Rahimiyya (1/241) of Mufti Abdur Rahim; on the authority
of Ibn al-Humam's Fath al-Qadir (1/407).
- He
was a celebrated Indian Muhaddith who has also been recognised by the
"Salafiyya" for his services to Islam. He passed away in 1304 AH. Rahimahullah.
- P.
192, quoted in Is Taraweeh 20 raka'ats? p. 22, Madrasah Arabia
Islamia, Azadville, South Africa.
- According
to the aforementioned booklet (Is Taraweeh 20 raka'ats?), p.
5; Imam Nawawi has authenticated Bayhaqi's narration (from his Sunan)
in al-Khulasah, al-Iraqi has authenticated it in Sharh Taqreeb,
and Suyuti has authenticated it in his book on Taraweeh: Masabeeh.
- See
his Sharh Minhaj.
- See
Shaykh al-A'zami's Raka'at Taraweeh, p. 63, Ma'arif press, Azamgarh,
India.
- 2/54.
- P.
388.
- 7/47,
chapter on Taraweeh.
- 1/235-300.
- PP.
105-114 .
- 1/651-664.
- He
passed away in the year 279 AH. Rahimahullah.
- The
practice of 41 rak'ahs was that of the people of Madinah in the
time of the Caliph Umar ibn Abdul Aziz and Imam Malik ibn Anas (may
Allah be pleased with them). It is in reality 20 rak'ahs, for
the people of Madinah used to perform an extra 4 rak'ahs without
congregation,(after the performance of the standard 4 rak'ahs);
hence this amounts to an extra 16 rak'ahs on top of the standard
20 rak'ahs. After this they would perform 3 rak'ahs of
witr, and sometimes another 2 rak'ahs of nafl on
top, making a total of 41 rak'ahs (20 rak'ahs taraweeh
+ 16 nafl + 3 witr + 2 nafl = 41). The reason why
the people of Medinah introduced an additional 16 rak'ahs was
due to the fact that the people of Makkah would make tawaf around
the Ka'bah after every 4 rak'ahs of taraweeh, hence the
Madinans wanted to compensate for this. Allah knows best. See Shaykh
Anwar Shah Kashmiri's: Tirmidhi al-ma'ruf ba arfash shazzi (1/329)
for details.
- 3/170,
Ahmad Shakir edition, edited by Fu'ad Abdal Baqi, Maktaba Faisalia,
Makkah.
- This
narration has been collected by Bayhaqi in al-Sunan al-Kubra
(2/496), Ibn Abi Shaiba in al-Musannaf (2/394), Ibn Adi in al-Kamil
(1/2), Tabarani in al-Kabeer (3/148), Ibn Manda in al-Muntakhab
min al-fawaid (2/268), Baghawi in Majmu as-Sahaba, Musnad
Abd ibn Humaid and others.
- See
Ibn Hajar's Talkhis ul-habir fi takhreej ahadith al-Rafi'i al-kabir
(1/119) and Al-Matalib al-'Aliyya (1/146, no. 534) or Zaylai's
Nasb ur-Rayah (2/153).
- He
passed away in the year 235 AH. His Musannaf has been printed
in some 15 volumes.
- 1/39,
no. 241.
- 2/496.
- See
his "al-Da'eefah", (2/35, no. 560), 3rd edn; Maktaba al-Islamia,
Amman, 1406 AH.
- He
was a leading Egyptian Hanafi scholar who has written a number of well
known and regularly used commentaries to classical Hanafi fiqh texts.
He passed away in the year 1231/1816 CE. Rahimahullah.
- 1/466.
- d.
1052 AH in India.
- Mufti
Abdur Rahim Lajpuri, 1/280, Maktaba Rahimiyyah, Rander, India.
- P.
223.
- He
died in 1235/1820 CE, rahimahullah. Shaykh Abdur Rahim has quoted this
statement from his book Rasa'il ul-Arkan, p. 138.
- P.
131, Hasan, Suhaib, Al-Qur'an society, 2nd edn; 1407/1986.
- This
report is also found in Imam al-Shurunbulali's Maraqi ul-Falah,
p. 81, and Imam Ibn Nujaim al-Misri's Bahr ur-Ra'iq, 2/66.
- Ijma
us-Sahabah is the third A NAME="49">Ijma us-Sahabah is the
third source of Islamic law after the Qur'an and Sunnah.
- 1/104.
- P.
197.
- 1/182.
- 1/803.
- P.
138.
- He
was the son of the famous Indian scholar: Shah Waliullah.
- 1/126.
- 1/433.
- 1/470;
quoted in Fatawa Rahimiyya (1/245).
- This
book contains the direct questions asked by Imam Malik's two famous
disciples: Ibn al-Qasim and Ibn Wahb to their teacher. It was compiled
by Ibn al-Qasim's student: Qadi Sahnoon (see 1/193-4).
- The
reason for praying 39 rak'ahs has been explained previously.
The fact that Imam Malik preferred this number has been verified by
the Maliki Qadi: Ibn Rushd (d. 595 AH) in Bidayat al-Mujtahid
(1/239). He has also quoted a narration from Ibn Abi Shaibah proving
39 rak'ahs was in vogue during the caliphate of Umar ibn Abdul
Aziz.
- 1/249.
- Quoted
from his Fathul-Mulhim Sharh Sahih al-Muslim, (2/320).
- 4/307,
quoted in Fatawa Rahimiyya, (1/245).
- 1/131.
- Qur'an
4:59.
- Abu
Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them).
- A
Sahih Hadith recorded in (no. 4590), Sunan al-Tirmidhi (5/43,
no. 2676), Sunan Ibn Majah (1/15-6, no. 42), Sunan al-Darimi
(no. 96), Ibn Abi Aasim in al-Sunnah (no. 54), Imam Ahmad ibn
Hanbal in his Musnad (4/126), al-Hakim in al-Mustadrak
(1/95-6) and Ibn Hibban in his Sahih (1/166, no. 5).
- A
narration authenticated and reported by al-Hakim (1/116), and al-Dhahabi
agreed with him. A very similar report has been recorded by al-Tirmidhi
(4/2167). Imam al-Munawi said in commentary to Tirmidhi's Hadith: (Allah's
hand is over the Jama'ah) meaning his protection and preservation of
them, signifying that the collectivity of the people of Islam are in
Allah's fold, so be also in Allah's shelter, in the midst of them, and
do not separate yourselves from them. (And whoever descents from them
departs to hell) meaning that whoever diverges from the overwhelming
majority concerning what is lawful or unlawful and on which the Community
does not differ has slipped off the path of guidance and this will lead
him to hell. (see Imam al-Azizi's: al-Siraj al-Munir Sharh al-Jami
us-Saghir, 3/449, cf. Reliance of the Traveller, p. 25).
- Printed
by Maktaba Dar al-Turath, Madinah al-Munawwarah, 1st edn. 1407/1987.
- Printed
by Maktaba Rashidia, Pakistan
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